Efficient coupling of energy management devices in smart sustainable cities: a case study

Abstract

Smart city has intensive and unmanageable electrical loads such as water treatment plant (WTP) and streetlighting. GIFT city - a smart city in India installed 10 kWh battery energy storage system (BESS) at each WTP and streetlighting feeder to address the energy demands locally. Additionally, 15 kWp solar PV has been installed on WTP feeder. This paper aims to reduce the dependency on grid, thereby lowering energy cost and optimally using each BESS, by shifting energy for combined load demand. This paper develops a day-ahead energy management system (EMS) based on linear programming for optimal BESS operation. The analysis is carried out considering solar generation data, electricity prices, WTP and streetlighting load data, grid parameters and BESS constraints. The proposed EMS algorithm reduces the cost of energy purchased from the grid and improves the BESS utilisation by switching its connection to another feeder in response to load demand variations.