Abstract:
Good seismic performance of modern confined masonry construction practiced in many countries
relies on two key features, namely confinement and bond between masonry walls and reinforced
concrete confining elements that enclose these walls. These two features were perceived by builders
and engineers in India since the 1897 Assam earthquake. “Assam type housing” that emerged in the
earthquake-affected area utilizes the concept of lateral confinement, while the 1931 Beluchistan
earthquake demonstrated the importance of bond for improved seismic performance of masonry
structures. Unfortunately, these lessons have been lost over time and confined masonry construction is
currently not practiced in India; this is mostly due to the lack of relevant design and construction
standards. However, over the last five years, several initiatives have been launched to promote
confined masonry construction and revive its application in India based on its proven record of good
seismic performance in India and other countries. As a result of these initiatives, the first large scale
application of modern confined masonry construction in India is currently in progress. Master-plan of
the permanent campus of Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, a fully residential campus on
400 acres of land envisages the construction of 36 confined masonry buildings, including three- and
four-story faculty and staff residences. This paper describes the campus development project,
including the design process and the challenges faced during design and construction.