Frequency and intensity of tropical disturbances over the Indian region and its neighboring seas with associated rainfall during the monsoon season: a perspective

Abstract

India, a leading developing country in the Asian continent, is worldwide famousfor its diversified and complex monsoon rainfall system, and the factors associ-ated with it. The peninsular shape in the southern half provides an extra benefitin terms of rainfall. This mainly occurs over the coastal regions due to the pas-sage of tropical disturbances, which originate from the surrounding seas. Analarming effect of global warming on the climate of India is the potential increaseof severe climatic situations, such as storms, hurricanes, etc, in future. In thiscontext, the relationship between the rainfall over the Indian region and the fre-quency and intensity of tropical disturbances is here studied to know the actualrole of these disturbances in rainfall contribution over the country for the periodof 1901 to 2017. The genesis of disturbances over the seas is marked and linkedwith the rainfall distribution. The activities of tropical disturbances and rainfallduring extreme event years, such as El Ni�o, La Ni�a, flood, and drought, arealso thoroughly investigated. The rainfall behavior is also observed in the pres-ence, as well as in the absence, of tropical disturbances, since these disturbancesplay a vital role in the rainfall contribution, especially during the weak monsoonyears.