Despite the exceptional properties of bulk metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), their nano-sized counterparts (known as NMOFs) are being increasingly investigated owing to a variety of emergent properties not seen in bulk, ...

Of late, the ability of lanthanide-doped nanoparticles to upconvert NIR radiation into shorter visible and UV wavelengths has stimulated their use in biomedical diagnostics and bioimaging. As compared to the conventionally ...