Plasmon-based small-molecule activation: a new dawn in the field of solar-driven chemical transformation

Abstract

Gold- and silver-based plasmonic materials have emerged as game changers in the field of solar-driven small-molecule activation because of their enhanced and broadly tunable absorption cross sections. This review essays the cutting-edge research in the field of plasmon-mediated small-molecule activation while highlighting the role of plasmonic nanostructures as photosensitizers, leading to the advent of numerous photocatalytic materials. Here we initiate the discussion with a basic overview of plasmonic optical properties, followed by a detailed analysis of three major categories of plasmon-catalyst hybrid constructs, namely, single-metal plasmonic materials, plasmon-semiconductor/metal-derived systems, and the recently developed plasmon-molecular catalyst assemblies. We also narrate the challenges faced in this nascent research field while depicting the scope of future development by implementing rational modifications of the plasmonic material and/or the cocatalyst to develop innovative hybrid constructs with divergent functionalities.