A2B2 type porphyrins with meso-donor groups: synthesis, X-ray structures, DFT studies and photocatalytic application using sunlight

Abstract

A framework based on a class of Abelian gauge symmetries is proposed in which the masses of only the third generation quarks and leptons arise at the tree level. The fermions of the first and second families receive their masses through radiative corrections induced by the new gauge bosons in the loops. It is shown that the class of Abelian symmetries which can viably implement this mechanism are flavor nonuniversal in nature. Taking the all-fermion generalization of the well-known leptonic Lμ − Lτ and Le − Lμ symmetries, we construct an explicit renormalizable model based on two Uð1Þ which is shown to reproduce the observed fermion mass spectrum of the Standard Model. The first and second generation fermion masses are loop suppressed while the hierarchy between these two generations results from a gap between the masses of two vector bosons of the extended gauge symmetries. Several phenomenological aspects of the flavorful new physics are discussed and lower limits on the masses of the vector bosons are derived.