Evolution of Aza-BODIPY dyes-a hot topic

Abstract

Aza-boron-dipyrromethenes (Aza-BODIPYs) are a class of dyes that display absorption and emission covering visible to NIR region. They can show NIR emission in the 700-1700nm range and have diverse applications in biology, metal sensing and optical devices. Aza-BODIPYs have got attention for their superior spectral performances and applications in biology and material science. These dyes can be applied to fluorescence imaging, photodynamic/photothermal therapy, optoelectronics, etc. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of streamlined development in the area of aza-BODIPY dyes and their applications in different areas. Firstly, general synthetic methodologies for the preparation of aza-BODIPYs are discussed. In the subsequent sections, the overview of tetra aryl, conformationally rigid and ring fused aza-BODIPYs, pyrrolopyrrole and extended aza-BODIPYs is presented. Later, sections describe the various applications of aza-BODIPYs in different areas such as: metal sensing, anion sensing, pH detectors, detection of biological analytes and energy transferring cassettes. The biological applications of aza-BODIPYs in fluorescence and photoacoustic imaging probes, as PDT and PTT agents, drug delivery systems are also discussed. Undoubtedly, it will be a one-stop solution for the science community to look for every structural aspect and application published from the year 2002 till May 2023.