Next-generation cancer targeting theranostics: applications of designer and programmable carbon based quantum dots

Abstract

Carbon quantum dots (CQDs), also known as carbon nanodots (CNDs), have emerged as a promising nanomaterial with unique optical properties and excellent biocompatibility. These nanoparticles may transform the cancer diagnostic and therapeutic processes. The special optical properties of CNDs, including their fluorescence tunability, high photostability, and low toxicity, make them perfect candidates for numerous bioimaging applications. The most promising applications of CNDs in cancer detection include fluorescence and photoacoustic imaging. These imaging technologies allow the ability to detect tumors at earlier stages and are therefore critical in saving patients' lives. CNDs can also be functionalized by targeting ligands that are avidly bound by specific cancer cells, thereby achieving precise tumor identification and surveillance. In this review, we discuss carbon quantum dots' huge potential to revolutionize the field of cancer detection and therapy and further develop next-generation cancer management strategies due to their unique properties, versatility, and biocompatibility. As research in this field continues to progress, we can expect to see more advanced and personalized applications of CNDs in the fight against cancer.